Segurança do recém-nascido prematuro e as ações de enfermagem: revisão de escopo

Abstract

A presence and competence of nurses are crucial to ensure the safety, well-being, and healthy development of premature newborns admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. Their roles encompass the application of technical knowledge, the promotion of humane care, and emotional support, significantly contributing to the success of neonatal care. The study aimed to identify nursing actions aimed at the safety of premature newborns admitted to a neonatal unit. It was a scope review conducted in May and June of 2023, using the following databases: SCOPUS, EMBASE, National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health (PubMed), Web of Science (WOS), and the Virtual Health Library (BVS). The study followed the PRISMA-ScR checklist recommendations. The research comprised six steps: formulating the research question, identifying relevant studies, selecting studies, mapping data, collecting, summarizing, and describing findings, and disseminating results. Inclusion criteria were articles in English, Spanish, and Portuguese; primary open-access studies published or available from 2013 to 2023. Exclusion criteria were articles with only abstracts, studies not fully available, titles not matching descriptors, duplication between categories, and text without relevant elements for the study's purpose. Initially, 1022 studies were selected. The Rayyan software assisted in managing the selected references. Title and abstract reading, followed by full-text reading, were paired. The final sample comprised six studies. The main interventions performed by the healthcare team included hand hygiene, newborn identification, medication safety, effective communication, and the use of the Braden QD scale. Identifying interventions to ensure the safety of premature newborns is relevant, considering the vulnerability of this population. This contributes to clinical practice, where such information is crucial to prevent adverse events and promote a safer hospital environment.