Terapias complementares promovidas pela equipe de saúde para crianças com Transtorno de Déficit de Atenção e Hiperatividade: uma revisão de escopo

Abstract

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is the most common neurobehavioral disorder in childhood, with multifactorial etiology, characterized by symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity. Standard first-line treatment for ADHD consists of the stimulant drugs amphetamine and methylphenidate. However, due to adverse side effects, many parents seek alternatives to manage their children's ADHD. In this context, the objective is to: identify in the scientific literature the complementary therapies promoted by the health team for children with ADHD. This is a scoping review based on the methodological recommendations proposed by the Joanna Briggs Institute and the PRISMA-ScR guideline for scoping review reports. The inclusion and exclusion criteria for studies were established according to the acronym PCC, meaning Population (P): children aged one to nine years; Concept (C): complementary therapies carried out by health professionals; Context (C): diagnosis of ADHD. The literature search took place in May and June 2023 and was carried out in the M‐DLIN‐ (via PubMed), ‐MBAS‐, Scopus, Web of Science and LILACS databases. Additionally, a secondary search was performed on Google Scholar and the reference lists of included studies. The selection was carried out by two independent reviewers with the help of RAYYAN software. The main results were extracted and analyzed using descriptive statistics and presented in tables, charts and figures. 108 studies were included, developed mainly in the USA (26%), between the years 2010-2019 (50%) and of the randomized clinical trial type (34.3%). 65 complementary therapies were mentioned for children with ADHD, which were divided into four modalities: mind-body therapies (55.4%), supplementary intervention (24.9%), herbal medicine (10.5%) and diet therapy (9. two%). The most cited practices were neurofeedback, physical activity and yoga. It is concluded that complementary therapies have potential benefits for mitigating the symptoms of childhood ADHD, with an emphasis on mind-body approaches. However, the evidence remains inconclusive, highlighting the need to conduct more research dedicated to the use of these therapies for children with ADHD.