Vulnerabilidade social e estrutura de oportunidade na Região Metropolitana de Fortaleza: a indústria, Maracanaú e o IFCE

Abstract

In the context of global productive restructuring, deindustrialization and the insertion of industrial dynamics in the global south into the international market since the middle of the 20th century, Brazilian production has undergone countless changes. As a result, the international division of labor has brought new ways of training the workforce and changed the way education is provided in the country. It was no different in the northeast and in Ceará. Accompanying these changes and the fiscal war, economic development and the contradictions in view of the indices of social vulnerability, the basic and higher levels of education were reformulated in line with the market. One example was the creation of technical schools and the Federal Institutes. The focus of this research is to assess vulnerability in the Fortaleza Metropolitan Region (RMF), seeking to understand how the Federal Institute of Ceará (IFCE) - Maracanaú, the locus of the research, in the period from 2000 to 2022, is a structure of opportunities for students and its impacts related to the Fortaleza Metropolitan Region and social vulnerability. The research is quantitative and qualitative, exploratory, with a case study of IFCE-Maracanaú. The general objective is to analyze how IFCE Maracanaú in secondary education as a structure of opportunities and an instrument for reducing social vulnerability through the specific objectives of: i. Analyzing the dynamics of the Fortaleza Metropolitan Region through industrialization and its spatial repercussions; ii. -Investigate the concept of social vulnerability and opportunity structures; iii. Discuss social vulnerability in the Metropolitan Region of Fortaleza, with a focus on the municipality of Maracanaú based on socio-economic transformations; iv. Understand the role of the IFCE as an opportunity structure and its impact on the lives of socially vulnerable students. The methodological procedures were based on bibliographic analysis with a focus on the methodological conceptual framework of “Assets, Vulnerability and Opportunity Structures” - AVEO (Kaztman; Filgueira, 1999), establishing a dialog mainly with Sidou (1979); Harvey (2001); Pereira Junior (2003 and 2015); Di Méo (2008); Costa and Dantas (2009); Pereira and Costa (2015); Santos (2017); Muniz (2019); Lencioni (2020). Searches were carried out on the internet, electronic magazines, dissertations, theses and yearbooks. Secondary data was analyzed mainly through the websites of IBGE (on the SIDRA platform), IPECE, IPEA (IVS) and the IFCE em Números website. A study visit was carried out and a report drawn up. The results show the institution results from a public education policy with a bias towards economic development and is a consequence of industrialization as a vector for the metropolization of space, which is reflected in the curriculum and courses on offer, as well as a structure of opportunities for enrolled students, offering aid as assets for taking advantage of its benefits. As a result, technical education has not only provided access to a profession and better jobs, but also a structure of opportunity to mitigate social vulnerability, allowing them to pursue careers and better living conditions beyond the unfavourable expectations that the unequal metropolitan space of Fortaleza may have.