O paradoxo kierkegaardiano e a gênese da teologia dialética n’a carta aos romanos de Karl Barth

Abstract

For methodological purposes, this dissertation adopts a double objective. The first is to list some Kierkegaardian concepts, such as the Absolute paradox, Paradoxical Faith and Infinite qualitative difference between time and eternity. The second, more fundamental, objective is to highlight how Kierkegaard's theoretical framework crossed the limits of small Denmark in the 19th century, entering with overwhelming force the first decade of the 20th century, using, for this, a new hermeneutical guise, having as a One of its precursors is the Swiss theologian Karl Barth, who, based on the Kierkegaardian theoretical enterprise, more specifically, the concept of infinite qualitative difference between time and eternity, founds the so-called dialectical theology or theology of crisis. Given this, it can be said that both Kierkegaard and Karl Barth faced common executioners (adversaries) in their times. The first stated that truth is paradoxical, not historical-Socratic, as Danish Christianity intended, and can only be overcome by a leap of faith due to the Absurd, due to the infinite qualitative difference between God and man. For the Swiss author, as revelation is infinitely different and distant from the temporal, all methodological definitions arising from Harnackian historicism would be nothing more than epistemologically established approximations. In other words, for the Swiss author, the “totally other” cannot be cognoscibly fulfilled, through the historical-critical method, in the figure of the historical Jesus.