Modelo experimental da artroscopia do quadril cadáveres de recém-nascidos submetidos do extresse axial

Abstract

Surgical access to different joints was made possible due to the development of the arthroscope. On account of its complex anatomy and topography the endoscopic access to the hip joint seemed to be an unattainable goal by many specialists for a long period of time. Last decade progress turned arthroscopic examination indications an ever growing need. The procedure helped to fill out the gap in the diagnostic area of hip joint diseases making possible the treatment of many illnesses affecting the joint. Despite this progress the exam is not widely performed in adult patients. Also, usage in children presents very restricted limitations. This paper was aimed at developing an experimental model of hip arthroscopy and to study the histomorphological damages resulted from its use in structures subjected to traction. Twenty newborn cadavers were used. Six fetuses use used during the pilot project (A1-A6). The remainder fourteen fetuses were used during the main study (B1-B14). Optical system (2.2 mm diameter) and 30o angulation were used. Axial traction was applied to all cases (68-88 N). Antero-lateral and lateral ports were used for surgical access to the hip. Histomorphological studies of pulvinar, labrum acetabulare and hip round ligament were carried out in each case. A pilot study has demonstrated that the application of this technique is not feasible in fetuses weighing less than 1500g. The traction was required to secure a complete inspection of the articulation. Using just one port was not possible to visualize all structures. The simultaneous use of lateral and anterolateral ports provided adequate exposure to all joint structures. It is concluded that hip arthroscopy is not an easy procedure although feasible in newborn cadavers weighing more than 1700 g. No macroscopic or histological lesions were identified in fetuses submitted to traction of up to 88 N.