Fatores sociais na dor e incapacidade de indivíduos com dor lombar crônica: um estudo transversal com dados do projeto de extensão universitária movimento

Abstract

Chronic Low Back Pain (CLBP) is currently the health condition that causes the most years lived with disability in the world. In the Brazilian scenario, it is estimated that between 2012-2016 it generated public health spending of US$2.2 billion. In the management of CLBP, approaches are recommended that are in accordance with the biopsychosocial model, which is composed of biological, psychological and social factors. However, despite social approaches being recommended, compared to other spheres of the model, little is known about the influence of social factors on pain and disability outcomes in these patients. The objective of this article was to analyze the association between social factors and the level of pain and disability in patients with CLBP from the Movimento university extension project. A cross-sectional study was carried out, based on the university extension database of the Movimento project, with patients with non-specific low back pain for at least three months, over 18 years old. Regression analyzes were carried out with the variables of sex, color, marital status, education and occupation, and the outcomes of pain intensity and disability. 336 individuals were included, of which 75.5% were women, with a mean age of 48.9 years (SD ±16.7), 57.4% mixed race, 36.5% with primary school education, 39.5% with family income of up to one minimum wage, 61.3% did not carry out paid activities and 60.4% were married, widowed or divorced. The worst levels of pain were associated with white people and family incomes below the minimum wage. Meanwhile, pain intensity was related to females. Therefore, we conclude that pain intensity and disability are associated with social factors in patients with CLBP in individuals who participated in the movement extension project. Therefore, the study of social factors can help us better understand the intensity of pain and disability of these patients.