Territórios pesqueiros e conflitos socioambientais: o Termo de Autorização de Uso Sustentável (TAUS) e as comunidades tradicionais na zona costeira cearense

Abstract

The coastal zone consists of a territory endowed with specificities, diversities and multiple uses that offer various local dynamics that can favor the development of the most varied economic, environmental, cultural and social activities and functions. Several spatial practices inherent in the process of space domination may contribute to the generation of certain socio environmental conflicts, led to a process of environmental injustice or by disputes over the use of territory by interests and groups that have different territorialities, perceptions of the environment and divergent interests and incompatible with the socio-spatial production (MORAES, 2007; CORBARI, 2020). Therefore, the objective of this research was to analyze the socio environmental and territorial conflicts present in two traditional fishing communities, which are in the process of implementing the Sustainable Use Authorization Agreement (TAUS), located in the municipalities of Camocim (coastline / far-western sector) and Aracati (coastline / eastern sector) of the state of Ceará. Characterized as a legal instrument, the TAUS aims to discipline the use and exploitation of the Union's properties in favor of traditional communities (BRASIL, 2020). The research was based on an exploratory, analytical and active approach, with participatory mapping workshops, surveys of the main aspects contained in the different laws and normative acts published that directly and indirectly affect the recognition of the collective territories of coastal areas. Based on this, the main geographic perspectives of the territories and fishing identities were articulated, as well as the main conceptual and legal aspects of the management instruments of the coastal zone. Based on this, the main geographic perspectives of the territories and fishing identities, the main conceptual and legal aspects of the management instruments of the coastal zone were articulated. An apparatus of the laws about the protection and self-identification of traditional peoples and communities was also presented, as well as the prospects and challenges of legal protection and land tenure regularization in Ceará and its soci environmental relations, it was contextualized about the TAUS in various local Brazilian spheres and the implementation of the Participatory Socio- Environmental Diagnosis was carried out, through workshops for the construction of social maps and considerations through the application of the SWOT Matrix - Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats. From a participatory and comprehensive socio-environmental diagnosis, it was possible to demonstrate the potentialities and sustainability of the fishing territories and that the traditional communities of the coastal zone experience several conflicts and local impacts, of environmental and territorial order, directly affecting their main identities, their ways of life and their territoriality. There is a need to understand the traditional territories of the Ceará coast, seeking to identify and analyze the main threats and conflicts, in order to seek new strategies and defense mechanisms and institutional regularization of traditional territories.