Controle de qualidade aplicada a fase de superestrutura em obras residenciais de médio e alto padrão em Sobral, Ceará

Abstract

A building must provide safety, physical and visual comfort to its users, however, it is common for pathological manifestations to appear that may have been caused by an error in any of the construction stages. That said, the importance of quality control and management of construction processes is clear. Among other actions, it is highlighted that to design a quality building it is necessary to eliminate construction defects, which harm the building's performance. Therefore, this work aims to identify the main failures during the superstructure execution phase in medium and high standard works in the municipality of Sobral - CE. Furthermore, we seek to propose a set of actions that eliminate the occurrence of nonconformities, with a view to complying with Brazilian technical standards. To this end, a case study was carried out in three works, two of which were medium and one of high standard in the city of Sobral - CE. The methodology used to carry out this work was based on technical visits and an extensive bibliographical study on the subject. During the visits, a questionnaire was applied with the aim of identifying executive failures, based on the following standards NBR 13752/1996, NBR 6118/2014, NBR 14931/2004, NBR 12655/2015 and NBR 15575/2013, thus allowing us to find five construction defects, namely: failure to densify the concrete, failure to place the concrete, lack of coverage of the reinforcement, trace of inadequate concrete and incompatible designs. In view of this, actions were proposed to improve quality in the construction stages, such as creating a moment of integration between the technical manager and executors to pass on the company's requirements and assigning a team to monitor and guide the execution of services. As well as the implementation of basic procedures, called “golden rules”, to avoid identified defects. Therefore, actions aimed at minimizing errors during the construction period are essential, especially in works in interior regions.