Política de proteção à pessoa com Transtorno do Espectro Autista em um centro de cuidado especializado: avaliação da concepção e implementação de equipes multiprofissionais

Abstract

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is functionally characterized, in strictly biomedical terms, as a neurodevelopmental disorder that compromises aspects related to social, emotional and behavioral contacts. A portion of subjects called autistic traditionally require specialized support through medication approaches and multidisciplinary care. However, in Brazil, government initiatives aimed at caring for and welcoming people with autism have only recently developed, starting in 2012, with Law No. 12,764, which established the “National Policy for the Protection of the Rights of Persons with Spectrum Disorders”. Autistic.” Even with such progress, the difficulty in accessing health services through the SUS has been seen as one of the factors that interfere with the quality of life not only of subjects with ASD, but also of their family members. The SUS offers support for the care of these “patients”, but adjustments still need to be made, such as the coordination between professional categories, to be able to diagnose, monitor and intervene in the treatment of these individuals. Thus, the research aimed to evaluate the implementation of the guideline related to the multidisciplinary team of the Protection Policy for People with Autism Spectrum Disorder in a Specialized Care Center in Fortaleza-Ceará. To this end, this is a Field Evaluative Research, with a qualitative approach, where the construction of information was carried out through the use of an open, semi-structured questionnaire, prepared by the researcher, which was used as a guide for field work. To analyze the information, the Content Analysis technique advocated by Laurence Bardin was used. Thus, the study was developed during the year 2023 in the city of Fortaleza and among the scenarios for the information construction procedures, IPREDE - Instituto da Primeira Infância - was chosen as the institution. IPREDE develops some projects related to the topic, among them, Conecta, in which the study was carried out, as it refers to a unit focused on assisting children with ASD. The research participants were the legal representatives of people with autism, such as parents, family members and/or guardians, as well as professionals and managers of the study institution. The results of this research were organized into two distinct parts, the first being the research project, consisting of a detailed introduction, followed by the objectives of the study, the theoretical framework that underpins the research and the methodological process adopted to collect and analyze the information . The second part focuses on the production of two articles, namely: the first article, entitled “Historical-Social Implications of Autistic Spectrum Disorder”, makes it possible to deepen the understanding of the uniqueness of ASD, exploring its historical roots and its impact on social interactions over time. Furthermore, it aims to encourage discussions that can positively influence policies and practices related to ASD. The second article, entitled “Protection Policy for people with Autism Spectrum Disorder in a Specialized Care Center: Assessment of the Design and Implementation of Multidisciplinary Teams”, in turn, is dedicated to the presentation and discussion of the results obtained from the information and narratives extracted from interviews carried out with the 30 research participants. These results were carefully categorized into categories and subcategories, offering a detailed analysis of the experiences reported by participants, allowing significant insights that will be thoroughly exposed and discussed. The study was submitted to Plataforma Brasil for submission to the Research Ethics Committee of the Federal University of Ceará (UFC), which received a favorable opinion under n. 6.103.195, CAAE: 68341523.8.0000.5054.