Rochagem como uma técnica suplementar aos fertilizantes convencionais: uma revisão

Abstract

Soil remineralization is a technique to provide nutrients to depleted soils, i.e. soils with low fertility. Fertility that decreases due to erosion, leaching and various crop cycles. Currently, in order to sustain the various crop cycles and the high production in reduced areas demanded by the market, soluble chemical fertilizers are used, which have a high cost, a significant part of which are imported, are leached quickly and pollute water bodies. Seeking to improve this, rocking has the proposal of nutritional supplementation of plants from regional rock powders that naturally contain essential nutrients, which are macronutrients and micronutrients for growth, such as: phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, manganese, sulfur, among others, bringing back soil fertility and conditioning. The objective of this study was to present a bibliographic survey on rocking, gathering studies and analyzing the efficacy resulting from published field experiments. From this, a bibliographic search was carried out in the CAPES journal portal, Scielo (Scientific Electronic Library Online), Google Scholar and the repository of the University of Brasília (UnB), from the combination of two keywords with the use of the boolean operator and, using the advanced search tab of the platforms. Based on the three case studies analyzed, where: two applied rock powders in field experiments and another characterized residues from waste piles from Ferbasa mining. After the analysis of the works, it was possible to conclude in the field experiments that the rocks influenced the increase in the level of soil fertility and consequently brought an increase in the production of black beans and corn analyzed, as they demonstrated to have minerals in their chemical composition, which are macronutrients and micronutrients in quantities for the proper development of the plants. For the characterization of mining residues analyzed, the identification of minerals susceptible to release is highlighted, however, field trials are necessary to evaluate the efficacy and effect of the levels of chromium and nickel present in the rocks. In general terms, the application of rock powders can be used as supplementary nutritional sources in addition to being an agroecological practice.