Hidrogênio verde e suas perspectivas atuais e futuras como fonte de energia: uma revisão bibliográfica

Abstract

The current environmental crisis is the result of rampant Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions, with an estimate of around 80% coming from the burning of non-renewable fossil fuels, given the need to replace them with a less polluting energy source. In this sense, the world has observed that Green Hydrogen (H2V) fits these requirements, as it uses renewable resources in its production and its burning only releases water vapor into the atmosphere. The objective of this study is to carry out an updated literature review on the potential use of H2V as a renewable and sustainable fuel. An agreement was signed by several countries in 2016 in the “Paris Pact” that aims to pursue a decarbonization agenda until 2030. Despite currently being the best option in terms of sustainability, the energy transition that replaces fossil fuels with H2V faces its challenges, such as the economic variable, considering that there is a need for exorbitant capital investment to adapt machines and engines to supply with H2V and the supply of energy demand, because although hydrogen gas exists in abundance in nature, it needs to go through a physical-chemical process that makes it suitable for use as fuel. Some further studies are suggested that will contribute and expand knowledge on the subject: such as technological implementation that makes production more efficient in order to reduce the initial energy spent; research into safe alternatives for large-scale storage and transport of H2V; review of possible environmental and social impacts when produced on a large scale. It is concluded that the use of H2V as an energy source is an efficient alternative in decarbonization, although challenges are faced regarding high implementation costs.