Riscos de contaminação e dispersão de metais pesados em solo e plantas em um lixão: uma revisão bibliométrica e um estudo de caso na Região Metropolitana de Fortaleza (Itaitinga, Ceará)

Abstract

n most municipalities, solid waste management is inefficient, with open dumpsites being the most common disposal sites, exposing the population to diseases and harming the environment. This study aimed to identify the risks of contamination and dispersion of pollutants by heavy metals in soil and plants found in a dumpsite. To achieve this, an analysis of national and international scientific articles related to the topic was conducted. Simultaneously, a case study was carried out in the dumpsite of Itaitinga city, Ceara states, where simple soil samples were collected at 5 randomly chosen points within the dumpsite, at a depth of 0-20cm at each point. Additionally, specimens of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L), castor bean (Ricinus communis L), and watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) plants were collected, totaling 33 plant tissues (leaves, stem, and roots), which were dried and analyzed for the quantification of bioavailable metal content (Cd, Cu, Mn) using Mehlich-1 extractor. Analysis was performed using atomic absorption spectroscopy and flame techniques.The soil attributes such as particle size, pH, electrical conductivity, and cation exchange capacity (CTC) were evaluated. The analyzed values of Cd, Cu and Mn in all samples were below the reference values for soil quality (VRQ) and prevention (VP) established by CONAMA and CETESB. Regarding plant tissues, the absorption and accumulation of metals in the tissues were observed, especially Cd and Cu in Helianthus annuus L, and Mn in Ricinus communis L and Citrullus lanatus proved to be more efficien