Implantação da gestão participativa em unidades de conservação do tipo parque na cidade do Rio de Janeiro: do conflito à colaboração

Abstract

Governmental agencies that manage environmental protected areas like municipal parks in Rio de Janeiro are facing difficulties in implementing the National System for Conservation of Units (SNUC) guidelines, which aim for the participative management of these units. This article presents part of a larger research project and focuses on the formation of advisory councils as a collaborative strategy used by municipal park administration. Based on interviews with managers and stakeholders, secondary research and direct observation, it is presented two cases that show the formation of advisory councils in parks and demonstrate situations that goes from conflicts between social actors and managers to full cooperation during the process. The results indicate that the initiatives to establish participative management with an advisory council in Bosque da Freguesia Municipal Park were largely ineffective due to lack of specific norms, involved people training and financial resources. However in Tijuca National Park, managed by a federal governmental agency, the use of an appropriate democratic and participative methodology, allied to previous training of parts involved, resulted in a successful implementation and full cooperation, being pointed as a model of reference for other parks.