Industrialização e políticas brasileiras de desenvolvimento: Uma síntese da economia brasileira nos anos 1930, 1950 e 1960 - com foco no II PND e lições para 2022

Abstract

This work seeks to show how the II PND was conducted by the then Geisel government, focusing on its developmental policy that sought to combat the oil shock in the 1970s, through a heterodox policy of investment and accelerated growth, in addition to the Substitution Process of Imports that would leverage industrialization and enable less dependence on the external sector, as well as encourage exports. But before explaining how the II PND was carried out and what its objectives were, this work talks a little about the Import Substitution of the 1930s, which was the first experience in the country, focused on the substitution of non-durable goods and with the intention of protecting the industry source for domestic production, also explains how the government responded to the shock of 1929, seeking to draw a parallel with the 1970s. Brazilian developmentalist until the II PND, in 1950 it was also using Import Substitution, but in durable goods with the attempt, as in the 1970s, to leverage exports. Finally, another important period was the PAEG, as this enabled a series of important reforms that paved and enabled the accelerated growth of the economic miracle, as well as the application of the II PND. These tools supported or helped the implementation of the II PND, so after understanding how the process was until the II PND arrived, this work analyzes the goals established for the period and the macroeconomic results achieved. Finally, the work draws an important parallel of how the government reacted to the oil shock in the II PND and how the government in 2022 used macroeconomic policies to circumvent the rise in oil prices after the war between Russia and Ukraine that raised the price of fuels generating inflation in the Brazilian economy.