Análise das características sociodemográficas e obstétricas de puérperas com distúrbios hemorrágicos e hipertensivos

Abstract

Hypertensive and hemorrhagic disease, childbirth complications, and puerperal infection are the primary maternal morbidities that can potentially cause direct maternal death. It was identified that hypertensive and hemorrhagic diseases were the leading causes of admissions in a reference hospital for high obstetric risk in the Northern Health Region of Ceará. The objective was to compare the sociodemographic and obstetric variables of postpartum women with hemorrhagic and hypertensive disorders through comparative, cross-sectional research with a quantitative approach that occurred in the period from January to May 2022, with 108 postpartum women admitted to a maternity hospital in Sobral/CE. Data collection occurred through a form containing clinical diagnosis, sociodemographic, and obstetric data, respecting ethical aspects. Of the sample of 108 postpartum women, 95 (87.96%) had some hypertensive disorder, and 13 (14.04%) developed bleeding disorders. Among the postpartum women who developed hypertensive disorders, 88 (92.6%) developed severe pre-eclampsia, and 1 (1.1%) developed severe hypertension. Regarding hemorrhagic disorders, 7 (53%) postpartum women developed Premature Placenta Detachment (PPD), and 6 (46%) developed Postpartum Hemorrhage (PPH). About the sociodemographic profile, most postpartum women were aged up to 35 years, declared brown, with a partner, and with more than 9 years of schooling Regarding income, there was divergence, most postpartum women with bleeding disorders received more than one minimum wage. In contrast, postpartum women with hypertensive disorders had a prevalence of income up to one minimum wage. In the obstetric profile, most postpartum women who were admitted up to 37 weeks were multigender, primiparous, had not had an abortion or undergone more than two previous cesarean sections, with vaginal delivery prevailing in the last pregnancy and cesarean delivery in the resolution of the current pregnancy. where most had more than 6 prenatal consultations. There was divergence regarding the number of living children, in which most postpartum women with bleeding disorders reported having only 1 living child, and most postpartum women with hypertensive disorders reported having 2 or more living children. No statistically significant differences were observed between the groups regarding sociodemographic and obstetric aspects. It was concluded that the profile of postpartum women is similar in terms of age, marital status, education and race, diverging in terms of income. Among the obstetric data, they are similar in the number of previous pregnancies, abortions and fetal losses, number of vaginal and cesarean deliveries, gestational age at admission, performance and number of prenatal consultations, diverging in the type of delivery of the last pregnancy and number of live births.