Transmissão materno-infantil do HIV, sífilis e hepatite B no Ceará, 2010 a 2019: capacidade instalada para redução de novos casos

Abstract

This study aimed to analyze data on mother-to-child transmission of HIV, Syphilis and HBV in the state of Ceará, in order to support interventions aimed at eliminating these diseases as a public health problem. Methodology: Descriptive, retrospective epidemiological study, with secondary data collection and a quantitative and qualitative approach, of cases of mother-to-child transmission of HIV, Syphilis and Hepatitis B and the evaluation of the installed capacity of the state of Ceará regarding the treatment and prevention of new cases. Data were collected in the compulsory notification forms registered in Sinan between January 2010 and December 2019, being divided into two categories, the first listing sociodemographic information, the second comprising clinical information. As for the installed capacity, information was collected on some work processes and inputs that involve measures to prevent and control these diseases. Data analysis was performed using Microsoft Office Excel® 2010 spreadsheets (Microsoft Corporation; Redmond, WA, USA) and TabWin32. Results: In the analyzed period, 11,661 cases of HIV infection were reported in the state of Ceará, of which 2,467 (21.1%) were pregnant. There were 11,891 cases of acquired syphilis, with a significant increase from 2015, culminating in 2019 with a detection rate of 34.7 cases/100,000 inhabitants and a mother-to-child transmission rate of 3.6%. Syphilis in pregnant women, over the years, continued to grow and peaked in 2019 with a detection rate of 17.4 cases/1,000 live births, totaling 11,131 cases and a mother-to-child transmission rate of 95.5% during the decade analyzed. Finally, 1,711 cases of HBV were reported on Sinan, where only 6.1% were in pregnant women and its highest detection rate (per 1,000 live births) was in 2019 (0.16%). Conclusion: the sociodemographic profile of pregnant women affected by the virus in question had age groups that corresponded mostly between 20 and 29 years old, with a predominance of mixed race and urban residents, with schooling for HIV and syphilis in incomplete elementary school and for HBV complete high school. It is essential that when looking at data such as these on mother-to-child transmission on a daily basis, we see it as a major failure in care, which in turn, failed to identify these pregnant women and apply the appropriate preventive measures.