O impacto da discriminação de gênero e de etnia nos gaps salariais: Uma análise para o mercado de trabalho cearense de 2012 a 2021

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the wage gaps between gender and ethnicity for the state of Ceará. The base used was the continuous National Household Sample Survey (PNADc), belonging to the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE), for the last quarter of 2012 until 2021. In addition, descriptive statistics were used to analyze the participation rate and average earnings between genders (men and women) and ethnicity (banks and non-whites) in different sectors of the economy, aggregated by level of technological intensity (high, medium high, medium low, and low). Furthermore, an Oaxaca-Blinder (1973) decomposition was performed to observe the magnitude of the average effective income differentials and whether at higher levels of education there is a reduction of the gaps between the control groups. The results obtained in this article revealed that there is a wage gap between gender and ethnicity for the state of Ceará in the labor market. It was found that there is a tendency for the gap to decrease the lower the technological concentration for white and non-white individuals. For gender, in turn, there was no conclusive result since there is no linear behavior between the variables. As for the Oaxaca-Blinder methodology, it was possible to observe that there is discrimination in the labor market. However, there is a reduction of these gaps with the passing of the educational cycles in 2012. However, in 2021, in addition to these returns becoming more compensatory for men compared to the beginning of the series, the results did not manifest a trend to be able to establish the same relationship observed in 2012. Finally, the gaps between ethnicities were more accentuated, and both at the beginning and at the end of the period, the relationship of less discrimination with higher education was also not observed.