Uso de anticorpos monoclonais para doenças onco-hematológicas: uma revisão de escopo

Abstract

Introduction: Immunotherapy is part of a class called biological therapy, which includes monoclonal mechanisms, which have become an alternative for the therapy of some types of neoplasms, especially onco-hematological diseases, such as lymphomas, leukemias and multiple myeloma. This treatment, despite being targeted, can still generate some adverse effects. Objective: To elaborate a scoping review on the main monoclonal antibody used for onco-hematological diseases. Methods: This is a Scoping Review, according to the review method recommended by the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI, 2015). Aiming at elaborating the guiding question, the Population, Concept and Context (PCC) strategy was used and a search was carried out in the databases MEDLINE, LILACS, SciELO, SCOPUS, WEB OF SCIENCE, CINAHL, COCHRANE LIBRARY, in addition to the Catalog of Theses and Dissertations of the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel. The study selection flowchart is presented, according to the PRISMA-sCR recommendation, with a summary of the study selection process (GALVÃO, 2015). Results/Discussion: Of a total of 175 articles found in the search, 17 were included for qualitative analysis and for a synthesis of the review. The monoclonal animals, related to onco-hematological treatment, highlighted in this research were Rituximab, Alentuzumab (CAMPATH-1H), Daratumumab, Pembrolizumab and Brentuximab Vedotin. The main side effects emphasized were infusion reaction, infection and neutropenia. In addition, it was decided to carry out a search, related to Nursing interventions in the management of adverse events, in international and national websites that cover Oncology, notoriously recognized for their scientific knowledge, such as the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the National Commission of Incorporation of Technologies in the Unified Health System (CONITEC). Conclusions: Therefore, the use of monoclonal ethanol, as a more targeted and effective treatment, has been gaining prominence in onco-hematological therapies. In order to administer these drugs, it is necessary for nurses to scientifically know the toxicity profile, administration schedules and prescribing information. The aim is to provide greater security in the antineoplastic therapy of patients.