Perfil sociodemográfico de óbitos maternos por pré-eclâmpsia no Brasil de 2009 a 2020

Abstract

Preeclampsia is a hypertensive syndrome responsible for high rates of maternal morbidity and mortality worldwide. Although many studies are designed to understand the clinical aspects of the syndrome and its implications, few explore the health conditions that result in the mortality of pregnant women and postpartum women. This study aimed to describe the sociodemographic profile of maternal deaths due to preeclampsia in Brazil from 2009 to 2020. This is an ecological study with as population all records of deaths of pregnant women and postpartum women due to preeclampsia registered in Brazil, from 2009 to 2020. Data were obtained from the Department of Informatics of the Unified Health System. For data organization and statistical analysis, Microsoft Office Excel 2010 spreadsheets and Stata Version 11.2 software (Statacorp lp, College Station, TX, USA) were used. In Brazil, 6,600,987 maternal deaths were recorded, of which 4,095 were related to preeclampsia. The predominant age group was between 20 and 29 years (42.8%), following the brown color (43.9%), which the marital status of the majority was single (37.8%), had higher education (42.4%) and the places of occurrence were more accounted for in the hospital (89.1%). The cases were predominant in municipalities in the Northeast region, both in the mortality coefficients related to preeclampsia as a basic cause in Brazil, and in the mortality coefficients related to preeclampsia as a basic + associated cause in Brazil. Increased maternal mortality from preeclampsia may be related to social vulnerability. Thus, adequate prenatal follow-up, for a possible early diagnosis of the disease, in order to establish effective therapeutic measures, are fundamental strategies to reduce maternal mortality of women with preeclampsia.