A ideia de educação no jovem Marx: um estudo de 1843 a 1848

Abstract

This work intends to present the idea (conception) of education in young Marx's thought during the period from 1843 to 1848, from an immanent reading of the following works: Hegel's Critique of the Philosophy of Right - Introduction (1843-1844); EconomicPhilosophical Manuscripts (1844); The German Ideology (1845-1846); Theses on Feuerbach (1845) and Communist Manifesto (1848). The research has a qualitative approach, of a basic nature, with exploratory and explanatory objectives, and a bibliographical procedure. During the research, we observed that the young Marx does not talk about education in an abstract way, that is, idealized and without connection to social reality. When talking about education, Marx presupposes an idea of man (social being). Thus, we realize that education is treated in direct articulation with society and, in this study, it should be analyzed in the context of the capitalist mode of production. Education must deal with real, concrete, historical problems and contribute to the process of disalienation of the proletariat and of men. The author advocates a public and free education for all children and also the union between education and material production. However, it is important to point out that Marx does not intend to collaborate with the logic of the capitalist mode of production, but, on the contrary, from the concept of estranged labor, from the concept of private property, we can deduce that he defends a conception of education articulated with a conception of labor as the ontological foundation of the constitution of social being. In this sense, an education articulated with the world of work, free from estrangement, which in turn is capable of providing the free development of the human spirit and an omnilateral formation of individuals.