Sorovigilância da prevalência de IGG anti-SARS-COV-2 em doadores de sangue no Ceará em 2020 e 2021

Abstract

Due to the global dissemination of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, a pandemic began in 2020. Studies on the prevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG are carried out to understand the level of exposure of a population to the virus, the response long-term immunological support and the production of therapies and vaccines against COVID-19. Thus, the study aimed to analyze the anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG seroconversion rate in the blood donor population and its correlation with potential immunization of participants, during the years 2020 and 2021. In addition, the behavior of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies was evaluated before and 1 year after the onset of the new coronavirus pandemic, with a focus on the rise of variants of concern (VOC) and the beginning of the vaccination schedule against COVID-19. Samples from blood donors residing in the Metropolitan Region of Fortaleza (RMF) were selected for analysis using the microparticle chemiluminescence assay (CMIA). The results were structured into 4 categories already standardized in previous studies. Male donors between the ages of 21 and 40 years prevailed in the categories of known positive and possibly positive results. Donors between 41 and 50 years old had the most distinct quantitative results, with the median index close to 2, verifying that, in comparison with the others, there was a variable rate of exposure of this category to the virus. In 2021, there was an increase in the rate of seroconverted donors following a peak in confirmed cases of COVID-19 by VOC Gama. Later, during the Delta VOC dissemination period, the results showed a different pattern than that observed with the Gamma VOC. It is inferred that the continuity of vaccination against COVID-19 in the State of Ceará and the increase in the rate of donors exposed to the virus during the wave of cases of VOC Gama were essential for the development of immunity in the donor population during 2021.