Letramento em saúde de gestantes no contexto da estratégia Saúde da Família

Abstract

Health Literacy considers cognitive and social skills as determinants of individuals' motivation and ability to access, understand and use the information obtained. It is outlined in the field of Health Education. There are several groups that Primary Health Care develops its actions, one of these are pregnant women since they are configured as a priority group of health care, given the singularities of care in this period. This research aims to evaluate Health Literacy in pregnant women in the context of the Family Health Strategy. This is a cross- sectional study with a quantitative-qualitative approach. Data collection took place from October 2021 to February 2022 with the application of the instrument - Short-TOFHLA to 363 pregnant women, representing 24.2% of pregnant women monitored by the ESF, during the data collection period. The research is approved by the Ethics Committee of UVA, opinion: 4,433,414. For analysis, the data were exposed to the R statistical program, version 4.0. Pearson's chi-square test, Mann-Whitney's non-parametric test, Kruskal-wallis' non- parametric test and Dunn's test were used to analyze associations between Health Literacy and pregnancy. For statistical significance, a p-value < 0.05 was adopted. The interviewed group was characterized in terms of: i) social and demographic conditions: age, education, monthly income and reading habits and ii) health conditions: gestational age (GA), risk classification and complications in/for pregnancy. The results showed that 240 pregnant women live in the municipality and 123 in districts. With the application of the Short-TOFHLA, the category adequate health literacy had the highest percentage with 69%, inadequate literacy, 22% and marginal, l9%. With regard to age, the group average was 29.0 years. Most pregnant women had completed high school and had studied for less than 12 years, 220 (60.60%), however, when associating schooling with the location, it was concluded that pregnant women in the headquarters had a higher level of education, 62.50 %, (150) than pregnant women residing in districts 57% (70). Regarding monthly income, 82.4% (299) of pregnant women survive with up to one minimum wage, 15.4% (56) with 2 to 3 minimum wages and 2.20% (8) with more than 3 minimum wages. One of the outstanding results of the research was about reading habits, 86% (311) of pregnant women have social networks as their main source of reading, differing from reading through printed information, 19.55% (71) of pregnant women claim to have this habit. The result calculated by the chi-square demonstrates an association between health literacy and the habit of reading information online (social networks). It is concluded that age, education level, income and place of residence are predictive factors for Health Literacy in pregnant women, requiring, therefore, from professionals skills and appropriate approaches to each profile of pregnant women to ensure better health outcomes, with emphasis in understanding the condition of pregnancy and professional guidelines and self- care practice.