Parcel Lockers e Pick-up Points empregados como estratégia logística: os efeitos da estratégia em termos ambientais

Abstract

This work aims to propose a method of analysis of environmental impacts, in the aspect of carbon dioxide emission, resulting from the adoption of "Parcel Lockers" and "Pickup Points", as a logistics strategy. This encouragement is due to the changes that have been happening in the mode of acquisition of products and services by consumers with the advent of e-commerce, which is changing the traditional process of urban freight logistics. This new conjuncture, intensified by the pandemic period of COVID-19, is overloading the urban freight transport due to the growing demand for home deliveries, promoting imbalances in the system and impacting the sustainability of the logistics chain, damaging the environment and human health. To accomplish the objective a review of the state of the art was conducted, which with the help of the Bibliometrix tool promoted a base of information and best practices that seek sustainability in TUC through the insertion of new technologies that help urban freight transport, with emphasis in this study on the "PP" and "APS". The subsequent step was to design and apply (internet) an exploratory survey of discrete choice model and stated preference with the purpose of performing a descriptive socioeconomic analysis, of the ecommerce consumers' purchasing profile and the primary preferences considered when choosing the method of delivery of orders. The repercussion of the survey indicated that consumers of the online channel are stratified in economic income level well above the average Brazilian population. The buyers have the habit of making monthly purchases and prioritize the attributes of freight cost value, delivery time, and delivery accessibility. The literature review and the survey results ensured a framework of fundamentals that allowed the conception of the modeling study of seven scenarios. The simulation of these scenarios had the purpose of evaluating the environmental implications of the "Pick-up Points" in the urban logistics operations of an e-commerce retailer of "Building Construction Material". The results indicated a reduction in vehicular emissions of up to 90% in relation to the process without the availability of "Parcel Lockers" and "Pick-up Points" services, but according to the configuration of the process, there is a loss of service level that can affect the customer's decision when choosing delivery through the "PP's".