Avaliação da doença periodontal como fator de risco para a demência do tipo doença de Alzheimer: uma revisão de literatura

Abstract

Periodontal Disease (PD) is a chronic and immunoinflammatory disease that affects the protective and supporting tissues of the teeth and that, if not treated properly, can lead to tooth loss, compromising aesthetics and masticatory function. Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a multifactorial, heterogeneous, complex neurodegenerative disorder that affects memory and cognitive functions leading to total dependence on care at an advanced stage. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of Periodontal Disease as a risk factor for AD through the analysis of demonstrated periodontal clinical parameters. A search was performed in PubMed, Lilacs and Scopus databases, restricting the search to articles published in the last 5 years. We found 109 studies related to the topic under study and after a reading filter related to the applied methodologies, 18 studies were selected. Thus, in the present study, a relationship between patients who had PD and those who had or had AD was identified in most of the articles analyzed, and PD may be a catalyzing factor for the worsening of dementia. It was suggested in most studies that patients with AD and PD often presented important changes, with individuals with periodontal disease being more prone to aggravation of Alzheimer's disease. There was an emphasis on further studies, whether clinical or laboratory, to be carried out in order to provide a better basis for this comparison.