Análise da dinâmica da ocupação territorial em Fortaleza-CE, Brasil: o desafio do município em promover funções ambientais e econômicas

Abstract

Over the years, the relationships between society and nature have been reflected in environmental management actions and in different laws for the protection of environmental resources. At the federal and municipal levels, preservation mechanisms were created, such as the permanent preservation area (PPA) and the environmental protection zone (EPZ-1). Therefore, this study aims to analyze the dynamics of territorial occupation in Municipality of Fortaleza and to verify whether the Complementary Law No. 250/2018 fulfills its economic and environmental functions. For that, geoprocessing techniques were applied and evaluated if the PPA has appropriate dimensions concerning the EPZ-1, identified the areas of intense real estate speculation, and presented an evolution of economic interest. It was found that the EPZ-1 has a larger area than the PPA, however, over the years, municipal and state laws have not considered sections suppressed and transformed, that is, those that have lost their environmental function. Besides, municipal legislation does not always comply with federal law. It is worth mentioning that some areas of EPZ-1 have a width less than the minimum of 30 meters required by federal law. Therefore, municipal legislation does not always comply with federal law. Thus, the study points out the need to implement integrated and aligned legal and administrative tools at the municipal, state, and federal levels to apply adequate management.