Uso de métricas de paisagem como subsídio para inserção de Infraestrutura ecológica objetivando o aumento do aporte de Água em açudes do Ceará

Abstract

The study of insertion of vegetation ecological infrastructure (IEV) based on metrics of landscape was developed in 8 sub-basins of Ceará, monitored by COGERH, with the objective of improving the water supply in the constructed reservoirs. The methodology uses the concept of landscape ecology, in which the physical and biotic characteristics of the natural environment can provide ecosystem services, such as increasing water availability, reducing thus the need to build new reservoirs. 10 metrics were used landscape (3 Landscap and 7 Class), which numerically translate the spatial arrangement of fragments in each sub-basin. To determine the metrics, the software was used Fragstats 4.2, which uses, as input, a Geotiff image containing the classification of land uses in the region under analysis. Remote sensing software was also used. ArcGis 10.2 and satellite imagery (LANDSAT - 08) to generate the Geotiff classified image required. Due to the limitation related to the appearance of clouds in the rainy season, the The most recent image selected was from the year 2018. The process of classifying the uses of soil of the sub-basins resulted in the determination of 3 types of fragments: vegetated areas, modified landscapes and reservoirs. Pearson's correlation was performed between the volume of water supplied to the reservoirs during the rainy season of 2018 and the metrics of landscape, calculated for the same year. The correlation result indicated that the metrics CONTAG, SHDI, SIDI and LPI have greater influence on the volumetric water supply in reservoirs, and, in this way, it was possible to indicate which characteristics of the vegetation landscape favor the provision of this ecosystem service. The metrics that obtained correlations most relevant guided the insertion of IEV in modified areas, indicating that the vegetation should be arranged in small blocks with low aggregation and interleaved, converting the area in a landscape with a great diversity of patches of vegetation fragments, forming small nuclei. The practical application of IEV in loco can be supported by public policies and incentives to comply with the forest code that aims to preserve areas such as the cool. It is also pointed out that the allocation of spaces for the insertion of IEV can use the registration rural environment (CAR) as a cartographic basis.