Proposta de habitação de interesse social na zona rural do estado do Ceará com base nos princípios de sustentabilidade

Abstract

The Housing Deficit is a problem faced in Brazil, both in urban and in rural areas, through government policies employing conventional systems in housing construction which are inadequate to the reality of rural constructive culture and still ignores sustainable issues. On that note, the main goal of this research is to develop a proposal of Social Interest Housing (SIH) viable economically with applications for the population of rural areas of the Ceará state, adopting guidelines contained in the concept of sustainability and using traditional materials and constructive techniques of the local region. The prototype of sustainable public housing was developed as an adaptation of the design of a housing unit developed by INCRA in 2009, for settlement in rural Ceará. Sustainable solutions were established which best employ the concept of sustainability within the area of application of the enterprise, under technical, legal and economic aspects. The construction system with structural walls of adobe was used as an alternative to concrete and ceramic bricks traditionally adopted. A system for harvesting rainwater was also incorporated for use in domestic activities, in addition to a complete extensive type Naturation System (green roof) to cover the dwelling. Economic analysis of the proposal was made by comparing budgets when using traditional building systems in project design or using the solutions proposed in this work, which employs the concept of sustainability in housing. The sustainable prototype’s final budget was 13% higher than that of traditional housing. As to environmental performance, it is concluded that the solutions applied here can reduce the temperature within the building, promote improved environmental comfort conditions, reduce energy consumption in manufacturing building materials, preserve natural resources, and use materials with a lesser impact to the environment. In conclusion, at least in the design phase, there is feasibility to adding a number of sustainability aspects to social housing. Thus, this study shows that it is possible to achieve a sustainable housing through proposals utilizing simple techniques, making it possible to reverse environmental degradation processes that end up hurting comfort and even personal health