Mecanismos de incentivos tarifários para microgeração fotovoltaica por meio do gerenciamento de carga pelo lado da demanda.

Abstract

The growth in the insertion of photovoltaic (PV) micro generation in distribution grids has been leveraged by important changes in regulation and incentives in the expansion of this modality in the electricity sector. However, with the increased use of PV generation facilities comes the concern about the impact on the distribution and transmission systems regarding the divergence between generation periods and peak demand periods. The use of demand-side load management (DSM), associated with tariff incentive policies, tends to financially favor the consumer's energy bill and assist in the mitigation of peak energy demand. From this motivation, the present work aims to propose a methodology for the analysis of the financial feasibility in the energy bill using the electricity tariffs in force in Brazil, combining the PV generation system with energy storage. Three consumers with particular characteristics regarding the demand of the installations, grouping of consumers, types of connections and with inclusion or not of PV generation are evaluated. The compatible equipment currently on the Brazilian market is considered together with an analysis of local energy resources and potentials using the HOMER Pro Energy software. In the context of financial viability, the tariff model of the local electricity distributor is considered in order to estimate the possible scenarios pertinent to the system. Eighteen scenarios are simulated in different topologies and tariffs over 25 years of design, and in only one of the cases did the use of the White Tariff in conjunction with the PV system and storage become economically viable. The topologies simulated for this consumer presented results with the lowest Net Present Value (NPV) relative to the present cost of the project at R$ 1,030,530.00 and with an Average Energy Cost (AEC), represented by the cost per kWh consumed, amounting to 0.304 R$/kWh, obtaining a percentage reduction of 9.44% and 44.32%, respectively, in relation to the worst simulation result when the consumer uses only the energy from the utility. The proposed method includes a real energy demand and generation database, suggesting that other similar generation units can benefit from the same analysis and assist in decision making; additionally, they can use the analysis as a way to direct the incentive to expand this modality based on the choice of differentiated tariffs.