Riqueza e distribuição de Basidiomycota no Ceará, Nordeste do Brasil

Abstract

Basidiomycota is considered the second largest phylum of fungi in number of species, and its representatives have dikaryotic septate hyphae with dolipores and parentosomes and form reproductive structures, the basidia, which produce exogenous spores called basidiospores, a characteristic that differentiates them from other phyla. Some species are popularly known as mushrooms, wood ears, earth star and bird's nests. Phylum of great economic, ecological and pharmacological importance. The present study aimed to know the richness and geographic distribution of Basidiomycota in the state of Ceará. The research was carried out from October/2021 to July/2022, through bibliographic consultations and access to ALCB, FLOR, UFRN, HUEFS and URM virtual herbaria from the speciesLink, REFLORA and Flora do Brasil 2022 network. For Ceará, 129 were recorded. species belonging to 16 orders, 27 families and 68 genera. The most representative families were Polyporaceae (29 spp.), Agaricaceae (17 spp.), Geastraceae (13) and Hymenochaetaceae (11 spp.). The species has confirmed occurrence in 25 municipalities in Ceará, with emphasis on Crato, which presented the highest number of records (70). Although they have records in practically all types of vegetation recognized in the state, the species preferentially inhabit the Dense Ombrophilous Forest and were recorded in 11 Conservation Units in the territory of Ceará. Ten species of Basidiomycota are endemic to Ceará. We conclude that Ceará harbors a great diversity of fungi, demonstrating the need to carry out more surveys of species of Basidiomycota and other phyla.