Monitoramento de Espécies Pertencentes ao Gênero Vibrio, Causadoras da Necrose Hepatopancreática Aguda (Ahpnd), no Estado do Ceará

Abstract

Among the main agricultural activities developed in mangroves or surroundings, we can highlight shrimp farming, considered economically profitable and with higher productivity than most agricultural activities developed until then in this type of environment. On the other hand, linked to the development of shrimp farming in these regions, there was also an increase in the incidence of diseases, mainly of bacterial origin, especially Vibrioses. Among the main pathogenicities linked to the Vibrio genus, we can highlight the Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis (AHPND), formerly known as Early Mortality Syndrome (EMS), responsible for the reduction of worldwide production of Litoppenaeus vannamei. In order to establish a monitoring about the presence and the diversity of species of the genus capable of causing the disease, two (2) estuaries of great importance for the shrimp farming activity in the state of Ceará were analyzed, through collections of water and sediment. The quantification of total balance of the Jaguaribe River estuary was 4.70 x103 in the first collection and 7.95 x104 during the second collection. For the Pirangi River estuary, the values obtained during the first and the second collection were 7.00 x103 and 2.4x104, respectively. In total, 82 samples were isolated, of which 6 were detected genes that confirm the presence of the plasmid causing AHPND, however unable to encode the pirA and pirB toxins involved in the pathology. A single sample was positive for the detection of V. parahaemolyticus that causes AHPND, characterizing it as a suspicious case. The other samples, according to the diagnostic protocol used and suggested by the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE), cannot be characterized as suspected or confirmed cases, with the need to perform other tests for this statement. However, the presence of probable pathogenic agents of AHPND is worrying for the studied environments, due to the proximity to shrimp farms.