Perfil epidemiológico dos casos de Chikungunya registrados nos anos de 2019 e 2020 em Fortaleza e sua relação com gênero

Abstract

The Chikungunya (CHIK) is a debilitating arthritic disease characterized by sudden fever and severe arthralgia. Most people infected develop the symptomatology related to the disease after an incubation period of 2 to 4 days. The persistence of this condition can interfere with infected individual's quality of life and cause considerable socioeconomic impact. It’s essential to know the characteristics of an CHIK outbreak for the formulation of individual prevention and vector control measures. Therefore, the aim of this study was to characterize the epidemiological aspects of cases of Chikungunya registered in the Fortaleza city in the years 2019 and 2020 and the relationship of symptoms with gender through a ecological study developed based on secondary data from the National System of Agravos Notification. Through exploratory analysis of cases, the number of cases, deaths and hospitalizations, presence of comorbidities and the prevalence of symptoms by sex were defined, considering p<0.05. 1774 suspected cases of CHIK were reported in the analyzed period. Of these 524 were confirmed. The most reported symptoms were fever, headache, arthralgia, and myalgia. Fever and headache were significantly more common in men. Two deaths from CHIK were recorded. Following the trends of previous years, women represent a higher percentage of cases. The most frequent comorbidities were hypertension and diabetes mellitus. The fever and headache were significantly more common in men.