Efeito pró-cicatrizante da lectina isolada da alga marinha vermelha Bryothamnion Triquetrum no tratamento de feridas induzidas em modelos experimentais in vitro e in vivo

Abstract

Cutaneous wounds are a serious health problem that affects a large proportion of patients who suffer due to complications in the healing process, despite advances in the treatment of cutaneous wounds. As a result, the search for therapeutic alternatives of natural origin has intensified. Lectins are proteins that recognize and specifically bind to structural carbohydrate epitopes (mono- or oligosaccharides) without modifying them, exerting multiple physiological functions on vertebrates, invertebrates, bacteria, viruses and plants. The present study evaluated the pro-healing potential of red seaweed Bryothamnion triquetrum (BTL) in induced wounds in experimental models in vivo and in vitro. For in vitro tests, the cell viability assay was performed by MTS and the cell migration assay by scratch assay, the cell line used was from murine fibroblasts (L929). In the in vivo test, cutaneous wounds (1cm2) were surgically induced in the dorsal region of mice (n = 33) and then treated with daily topical application (100μL) according to the group: G-I (200 μg / mL BTL); G-II (200 μg / ml BTLD) and G-III (untreated group) for 12 days. To evaluate the potential for BTL healing, macro and microscopic analyzes were performed. Macroscopically, the parameters analyzed were: area of the wound, the proportion of wound closure and observation of clinical signs such as edema, hyperemia, exudation, presence of crust and bleeding. In addition, for microscopic analysis, tissue samples corresponding to the area of the experimental lesion on the 3rd, 7th and 12th postoperative days (P.O) were biopsied. The results showed that even in the highest concentration of 500 μg / mL BTL the fibroblasts presented more than 80% viability in 24h and 48h times. In the scratch test at hour 24, it was observed the total closure of the lesion area in the wells treated with BTL, which was not observed in wells treated with BTLD and without treatment. The cutaneous lesions treated with BTL showed total remodeling of the epithelial layer and of connective tissue at P.O 12. The untreated group presented a wound with a crust, still with vestigial inflammatory infiltrate and beginning of reepithelialization at the edges of the wound. When compared to the BTLD-treated and untreated groups, BTL showed a more advanced repair process on all analyzed days. In conclusion, the use of BTL as a topical treatment had a pro-healing effect of cutaneous wounds. Other assays should be performed to determine the mechanism of action of the lectin.