Proposta de gestão descentralizada de resíduos sólidos domésticos rurais: o caso da comunidade de Umburana – CE

Abstract

After 10 years of the publication of the National Solid Waste Policy, advances and improvements are appearing shyly. Globalization has effects on the human consumption pattern and, consequently, on the generation of solid waste (SW), contributing to the worsening of this problem. The urban environment is prioritized by public policies for solid waste management, but the polluting potential of the rural area cannot be ignored. This research aimed to develop a decentralized management plan for Rural Domestic Solid Waste (RDSW), having as theoretical basis the junction of the theories of Sustainability and Circular Economy (CE), and as a case study the community of Umburana, in the district of Realejo, municipality of Crateús. In order to better understand municipal management, which includes, in this case, the Recicratiú Triage Association, semi-structured interviews were conducted with representatives of the Municipal Environment Secretariat and the Association, as well as with a statistically representative part of the community's residents. Then, in order to know the gravimetric composition of the local residues, two quarterings splits were performad, in a period of one month. The data resulting from these data collection methodologies were analyzed, compiled and systematized in summary tables and texts. Based on the results obtained, it was possible to identify that women are unanimous in the management of SW, there is a tendency for youth to escape from the countryside, low education levels and lack of knowledge regarding the subject. After noting the solid waste management problems present in the community, some proposals for the short, medium and long term were listed in the decentralized waste management plan (DWMP). The plan sought to encourage increased training of residents, reduce transport logistics and conventional final destination, increase local income and provide opportunities for youth, strengthening the field by contributing to the appreciation of SW in the area, a basic principle of CE. It is expected that the research can contribute to the visibility of the rural area and the increase of public policies aimed at these territories, transforming the community into the protagonist of the process.