Avaliação da sustentabilidade da gestão de resíduos sólidos domiciliares/comerciais do Municipío de Fortaleza-CE, Brasil

Abstract

The increase in the generation of urban solid waste in the world, in addition to producing considerable financial costs, causes damage to the environment and compromises the health and well-being of the population. Thus, the main objective of this research is to assess the sustainability of the life cycle of solid waste management in the home/commercial area, in the Municipality of Fortaleza-Ceará-Brasil, under an environmental, economic and social focus, in the year 2019. The environmental impacts were analyzed using the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) tool, with a functional unit of one ton of solid waste generated. For this occurrence, the SimaPro 9.0.0.49 software was used, also appealing to the CML impact assessment method, selecting the categories acidification, eutrophication, global warming, ozone layer depletion and photochemical oxidation. In assessing the Life Cycle Cost (LCC), the Benefit/Cost Ratio of selective collection in Fortaleza was adopted, under which the fluent reality was treated, under which the Municipal Government bears the expenses of the Association of Collectors Jangurussu (ASCAJAN) (except for food) and the hypothetical scenario, in which the Municipality would do the same with the other associations, assuming the expenses with water, energy and food. In the Social Life Cycle Assessment (ACVS), the analyzed stakeholder categories consisted of workers, consumers, local community and society. In this perspective, the thesis under report concluded that selective collection, despite having a low percentage of materials collected in the Municipality (0.76%), avoided emissions in all categories of environmental impact analyzed, demonstrated financial savings for the PMF, in the year 2019, as it avoided spending on ungrounding, collection and urban cleaning services. It was also in the selective collection that the greatest amount of negative impacts on social categories was observed, showing that both society and the government should seek ways to optimize this service in the local, regional and national contexts