Características da dentição decídua em crianças portadoras de Zika vírus congênito: revisão da literatura

Abstract

The Zika Virus (ZIKV) is an arbovirus of the Flaviviridae family found predominantly in tropical and subtropical areas. In 2014 the ZIKV epidemic was registered and quickly spread to the countries in the Pacific and South America. In the following year, Northeastern Brazil had a significant number of children born with microcephaly, neurological, hearing, motor, and maxillofacial alterations, indicating a possible relation with infected mothers by Zika virus during pregnancy. The term congenital Zika Virus Syndrome was adopted to describe some cases associated with maternal-fetal transmission of the ZKIV. The virus has neurotropism, which caused hypotheses that others tissues with similar embryological origin could also change, such as dental tissues. That way, the aim of the present work consisted of explaining, using a literature review, the relationship between congenital Zika virus and the characteristics of the deciduous dentition from their carriers. Based on Pubmed, Scielo, and Medline, the following descriptors were used: “congenital Zika virus syndrome”, “Zika virus”, “oral characteristics and Zika congenital syndrome”, “deciduous teeth”, “pediatric dentistry”, “ Oral anomalies” and “Hypomineralization” for research and selected articles in English, Portuguese and Spanish from the last six years (2015-2021). After obtaining 50 articles, and carefully reading titles and abstracts utilizing a method of exclusion of those that did not show any relationship with the research or literature reviews, there were selected 30 articles. All studies report intra-oral characteristics of children whose mother had Zika virus infection during pregnancy, showing a strong relation in evidence of delayed eruption chronology and changes in the deciduous dentition sequence, molar-incisor hypomineralization, enamel hypoplasia, and agenesis dental. Therefore, owing to the high occurrence of children with these conditions, these alterations may be part of the phenotypic spectrum of the congenital syndrome associated with Zika virus infection.