Assimetria na escolaridade induz desigualdades na distribuição de renda no Brasil

Abstract

This paper had as principal objective to measure both the inequalities in income distribution and asymmetry in education levels in Brazil, Regions and States. The main hypothesis of this search is to prove a cause-effect relationship between education and income. In order to achieve these objectives, we use the IBGE basin data of average GNP at County, States, Regions and Brazilian levels to 2005. We use also the National Research of Household Sample (PNAD) from 2001 to 2006. We estimate the average education in years achieved by every States, Regions and Brazil in that period. We also estimate the acceleration taxes of education levels covering that period. Having these information we could project the differential in time necessary for States, Regions and Brazil increase one year in their average education levels. Throughout regression using logarithmic model, the study could measure the relationship between average education levels and per capita GNP. The results confirmed the great education asymmetry which prevails among Regions and Brazilian States. The applied methodology extended to study average education levels in rural and urban areas showed the critic situation of this indicator in rural areas in all Brazilian Regions and States, but this is greater in those poorest States of Northeast and North Region. The results of search showed that richest States have accelerator tax of average education level lesser than the poorest States, but the richest States have greater levels of education. This situation causes the increase of average education level to be faster in the richest States than in the poorest ones. The increase in per capita GNP caused by increase in one year of average education level, as well, is greater in richest States than in the poorest ones. Finally, we should conclude that if the asymmetry in the patterns of education continues in Brazil, the inequalities in appropriation of income could be increased.