O desenho em design e sua contribuição no processo criativo dos artistas gráficos: um estudo de caso dos desenhos de Joana Lira

Abstract

It seems simple and evident to think drawing as an intrinsic tool to process in Design. In several methodologies developed by designers, it is possible to find drawing and one or more techniques derived from this tool as part of the Design process, either as a draft or sketch of what is desired to create or as a presentation drawing of the final product - it is understood as a project result of any Design segments - handmade or digitally. However, it is noticeable that the importance of drawing during this process is questioned, and its practice is avoided in many cases. There is as much a mass belief that drawing is a natural talent with those who practice, and that not everyone is able to perform this skill effectively, as is the use of other contemporary tools, whose technology provides greater precision or improvement of the created drawing. The growing and massive use of the computer is also a strong influence that, through the digital medium, is capable of reproducing the results that were previously possible to obtain only manually. What happens, however, among some authors of Design (POEIRAS, 2006; TAVARES, 2009) and related areas, such as arts and illustration (MASSIRONI, 1982; RODRIGUES, 2003; PIPES, 2010), is that there is a return of interest in drawing or reframing its practice beyond what appears as an image. In this sense, the present research carries out not only an analysis of how drawing is interpreted over time, but also of the types of drawing and their different denominations by authors from different segments. The analysis methodology of this research, proposed by the expansion of genetic criticism (SALLES; CARDOSO, 2007), seeks to understand how an artist's project thinking occurs during creative process, as well as aims to recognize the types of drawings present in the records of an artist. Thus, in defending the practice of drawing as an instrument of experimentation in Design, the work of contemporary designer and artist Joana Lira is present in this investigation to demonstrate the various applications of drawing explored through the multidisciplinarity of Design, revealing the powers of drawing in Design, through the artist's vast experience - in painting, illustration and scenography, for example. The production of this research is, therefore, in possibility of a broader approach to drawing to reinforce its essence as a contribution to the creative process not only in Design, but also in projects that approximate Design and graphic arts.