Avaliação dos indicadores diagnósticos de comportamento de saúde propenso a risco em adolescentes grávidas

Abstract

The recognition of the diagnostic indicators of the Risk-prone health behavior nursing diagnosis (00188) is important for directing nursing interventions and achieving the results of promoting maternal-fetal well-being. The aim of the study was to evaluate the diagnostic indicators of Risk-prone health behavior in pregnant teenagers. A cross-sectional study was carried out in the Family Health Strategy of a municipality in the metropolitan region of Cariri, from January to August 2019. Thus, 181 pregnant teenagers participated in the study. The data collection instrument contained sociodemographic and obstetric information and diagnostic indicators of Risk-prone health behavior. This was prepared based on an integrative literature review on the topic and consultation to the NANDA International taxonomy edition 2018-2020. Thus, two indicators were included: Inappropriate eating habits and Multiple sexual partners, and three causal factors: Negative influence of friends, Isolated region of residence and Restricted access to health services. Data were collected through interviews. The analysis was performed using the statistical program IBM SPSS version 21.0 for Windows and software R version 2.12.1. The latent class analysis methodology was used, and the defining characteristic was considered statistically significant if at least one of its sensitivity or specificity values was greater than 0.5 and if its respective confidence interval did not include such value. For all analyzes, a significance level of 0.05 was considered. Univariate logistic regression models were adjusted for each causal factor. Odds ratios were calculated with their respective confidence intervals. The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee. Pregnant teenagers were between 12 and 19 years old. Most of them lived in the urban area (n=97; 53.6%); 172 (95%) did not have paid work; 135 (74.6%) had some belief/religion; 13 (7.2%) were orphans; 146 (80.7%) reported having someone unemployed in their family life; 37 (20.4%) reported having used alcohol even though they were pregnant. The prevalence of the nursing diagnosis Risk-prone health behavior was 31.04%. The clinical indicators of Risk-prone health behavior manifested with greater prevalence were: Failure to take action that prevents health problems, Inappropriate eating habits and Minimizes health status change. Among these, the first indicators were the most sensitive to nursing diagnosis. The defining characteristics of Substance misuse and Multiple sexual partners were shown to be specific for Risk-prone health behavior. The related factors that showed a statistically significant association with the identification of the nursing diagnosis were Insufficient social support, Stressors, Low self-efficacy, Social anxiety, Isolated region of residence and Restricted access to health services. Thus, it is concluded that the study enabled the identification of two suggestive characteristics and two confirmatory characteristics 10 for the inference of the Risk-prone health behavior nursing diagnosis in pregnant teenagers; six causal factors increased the probability of occurrence of the nursing diagnosis under study.