Avaliação da efetividade da política de geração de energia eólica do Ceará no fomento ao desenvolvimento sustentável e seus reflexos nas comunidades pesqueiras

Abstract

Rethinking a development model, capable of combining economic growth with efficient and rational exploitation of natural resources, has become a political issue in recent years, given the growing impact on the environment caused by the search for progress by nations. Among the state actions that encourage the promotion of a development considered sustainable, the incentive to the generation of clean energy through the use of renewable resources, through public policies, has been showing itself as a promising strategy, both from the political point of view, as economical. In this context, Ceará, geographically privileged for its wind potential, is one of the Brazilian states that most invests in the sector. Encouraged by PROINFA (Programa de Incentivo às Fontes Alternativas de Energia Elétrica), the state implemented the Incentive Program for Renewable Energies (PIER) to attract investments to the sector in potentially promising municipalities. However, this state interference has been generating changes in the environmental and cultural space of the territories occupied by traditional communities, reshaping the dynamics of the affected populations, under the pretext of promoting Sustainable Development. Thus, in order to investigate whether the state public policy of promoting wind energy in Ceará promotes Sustainable Development, the present analysis takes as a reference some traditional beach communities that present conflicts, impacts and transformations resulting from the implementation of said public policy in their territories. In this way, the present work proceeds with a political evaluation of the referred program, with emphasis on political, social and economic aspects evidenced from the conflicts and social impacts perceived by the referred communities, aiming to evaluate if the social, economic and political incentive mechanisms of state policy to promote wind energy in the state of Ceará, are effective in generating sustainable development, with emphasis on its political dimension. In the methodology, the research focuses on a quantitative and qualitative approach, being exploratory in nature, whose data, collected through the application of the Policy Delphi technique, questionnaires and interviews, were treated using statistical analysis, the triangulation of methods and content analysis. The results found demonstrated that the public policy of incentive to the generation of wind energy, in the state of Ceará, is not effective in the generation of a Sustainable Development, from the political perspective, since it does not encourage the creation of instruments capable of conferring social participation, citizenship and safeguarding the rights of the population of communities directly impacted by the installation of wind farms on the coast of Ceará, generating processes of environmental injustice, environmental racism and unwelcome social, economic and environmental impacts.