Alterações hematológicas no paciente portador de HIV no momento do diagnóstico e seis meses após o início da terapia antiretroviral

Abstract

Evaluation of haematological data associated with CD4 + count and viral load quantification may contribute to the monitoring of HIV infection. Objective: To describe the cytopenias found in HIV patients at diagnosis and six months after initiation of antiretroviral therapy. Methodology: This is an exploratory, descriptive and quantitative research, conducted between January and June 2018, using a socioeconomic-demographic and clinical questionnaire. Results: Data analysis showed significant results regarding the hematological alterations of patients with HIV/AIDS, in which, after six months of diagnosis, there was an increase in hemoglobin/hematocrit levels (P = 0.010 / 0.001), improving the anemia caused by the condition, as well as a decrease in Ferritin (P = <0.001), LDH (P = 0.006), Reticulocyte (P = 0.001), TIBC (P = 0.007) and Free T4 (P = 0.013) rates, beneficial physiological effect to the patient’s organism. In addition, viral load reached undetectable plasma levels, increasing the amount of CD4 + lymphocytes, thus restoring immunity. Conclusion: All haematological changes, isolated or combined, reflected in the direct action of HIV on the bone marrow. Therefore, opportunistic inflammation and/or infections, nutritional deficiencies, medication side effects and neoplasms are directly correlated with the degree of immunosuppression.