A periodontite como indicador de risco para a doença de Alzheimer: uma revisão de literatura

Abstract

Periodontitis is a very common type of Periodontal Disease (PD), causing inflammatory manifestations of destructive characters in the support tissues, which may progress to tooth loss. However, this disease can usually be preventable, when associated with a suitable oral hygiene. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a illness that has an inflammatory aspect at the neuronal zone, where they degenerate and die, causing among memory loss to other mental functions. Alzheimer's disease no have a fully elucidated etiology, which is why it brings a great interest to research, in order to a better understanding its mechanism. Therefore, the purpose of this work is, through a literature review, understand and verify the link of periodontitis as a risk indicator for AD. Thus, a bibliographic investigation was carried out in the PubMed databases (Pubmed Central ®) using the descriptors consulted in the Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) in english language such as: “Periodontitis” e “Alzheimer’s disease”. The inclusion criteria in the research comprised studies in english that covered the proposed theme and preferably that had been published from 2018 until June 2020, while the exclusion criteria extended to literature reviews, case reports of clinical trials, as well as studies that did not meet the proposed theme. Applied the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 33 articles were elected. Studies have shown that bacteria from periodontitis, including Porphyromonas gingivalis, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Campylobacter rectus, pointed to have a close link with the development of AD. Thus, studies of these bacteria and their effects are relevant and necessary to better understand the etiology of AD, in order to emphasize more appropriate preventions or more appropriate therapies for the patient.