Demanda interna e comércio internacional do trigo

Abstract

That work aims to analyze past and current international scenario for wheat, as well as estimate domestic and international demand functions of it. For the empirical purposes, the domestic demand was based upon a system of simultaneous equations for quarterly data in the period 1996.1 – 2003.4. Regarding the international demand function, the methodology was supported by a panel data econometric model, where cross-sectional data accounted for countries in South America – Argentina, Brazil, Uruguay, Chile and Venezuela – and North America – Mexico, Canada and United States, for the yearly series of 1997-2004. The domestic model estimates for the demand was satisfactorily identified by a significant negative price effect. But, contrary to theoretical expectation, income effect was negative which imply, by substitution effect, that as national income rises, wheat is substituted by other products. Also, as expected, wheat is very sensitive to exchange rate, but not to domestic inflation. The international demand for wheat follow similar pattern to the domestic one regarding price and per capita income effects, as well as the insignificancy of domestic inflation on wheat consumption.