Icterícia neonatal e seus fatores perinatais associados: perfil dos recém-nascidos internados em uma unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal de maternidade de referência terciária no município de Fortaleza – Ceará

Abstract

Objectives: the main objective was to know the profile of newborns (NB) hospitalized in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) in a tertiary reference Neonatal Clinic in the municipality of Fortaleza who presented neonatal jaundice. Methodology: it was a cross-sectional study, prospective, conducted during February-July 2018 through the use of a simple questionnaire. The data were analyzed with software R 3.3.1 e Microsoft Excel® 2016. Results: it was noted that 70,7% of NB presented significant neonatal jaundice, 84,5% had gestational age less than 35 weeks. The majority of NB studied was male (58,2%). Umbilical cord clamping time less than 1 minute represented 65,3% of cases studied. The rate of early and late sepsis was 68% e 35,9%, respectively. Intracranial hemorrhage (IH) was associated to 37,4% of NB and polycythaemia to 1%. Pre-eclampsia was protective factor for severe hyperbilirubinemia. All babies were submitted to phototherapy and 5,1% needed exchange transfusion. Conclusions: the main factor of significant neonatal jaundice is premature birth under 35 weeks of gestacional age. Obstetrics and neonatal efforts are necessary to avoid it.