Acurácia do diagnóstico estilo de vida sedentário em adolescentes de escolas públicas

Abstract

The validation of nursing diagnoses is an essential phase in the development of knowledge to nursing practice and health promotion of the population served. It is known that nursing diagnoses as Sedentary Lifestyle represent current problems of specific groups such as teenagers. It is necessary to improve these diagnostics to facilitate their use in practice by nurses. Therefore, to extend the reliability of these diagnoses, we must subject them to a validation process, refining the set of clinical indicators and reliable making their use, both in practice and in teaching. Thus, this study aimed to identify the accuracy of the defining characteristics and prevalence of nursing diagnosis Sedentary lifestyle among adolescents in public school. Crosssectional study carried out with 564 adolescents, aged 14 to 19 years, students from seven public schools in Fortaleza, Ceará. Data collection occurred in the third quarter and 2012. Data were collected through a questionnaire of physical examination to identify the defining characteristics present in adolescents based on conceptual and operational definitions. Subsequently, clinical histories were sent to eight nurses infer the presence of diagnostic Sedentary lifestyle. These inferences allowed the calculation of sensitivity, specificity and predictive value. Statistical analysis was performed by the statistical package SPSS ® 20 version. The study was approved by the ethics committee opinion research No. 70539/12. The population is mostly female, students of 1st year of high school and with an average age of 16. The results show a high prevalence of adolescents with a diagnosis Sedentary Lifestyle (48.6%), in which being female represents a 2.1 times greater chance of presenting a sedentary lifestyle. Among the most common defining characteristics stand out: "verbalizes preference for activities with little exercise" (59.9%), "decreased respiratory capacity" (55.3%) and "Choose a daily routine without exercising" ( 49.1%). It is noteworthy that decreased muscle strength was not observed in the study group. Of these, "Choose a daily routine without exercising" showed up as the main feature for predicting the diagnosis, high value under the ROC curve (0.9771) and elevated high-sensitivity value (98.18) and specificity (97 ,24) for the Sedentary Lifestyle. Among the factors related most prevalent, include: "Reporting of pain" (65.2%) and "Lack of resources (money, time, place, and safety equipment)" (61.3%). Factors related "mobility impaired" and "activity intolerance" were not found among adolescents studied. Finally, we can conclude that this study allowed us to determine the defining characteristics and related factors more specific to the adolescent population. But it is essential that nurses continue to investigate and discuss this diagnosis in order to promote more effective interventions that human response as well as the promotion of validation of diagnoses, as instruments of care technology.