O metabolismo social da emancipação: Marx e as forças produtivas

Abstract

The present work constitutes a study on the theory of the productive forces of Karl Marx. We try to recover and reconstitute, through of the immanent analysis of the philosophical-scientific text, the treatment conferred by Marx in his work on the dyad of productive forces/relations of production and its pulsating contradiction, with the social metabolism that engenders in our time in the sense of the creation of objective conditions for human emancipation, on the one hand, but, subsumed by the relation of the self-valorization of capital, produces and expresses itself as a brutal contest of classes passing to the lines of human self-extinguishment on the other. Thus, in a first approximation, we examine the relationship between Marx and Feuerbach as the moment in which Marx elaborates the foundations of his new philosophical and historical materialism, defined as a materialist ontology of an objective being. Then, as a thesis, it is a question of demonstrating that the material basis of the great industry - the automatic machine - is the objective social premise of human emancipation, corresponding to the Marxian statement about the need for advanced productive forces as a requirement for overcoming capital. In order to do so, it reproduces in detail Marx's argument regarding the labour theory of value and the theory of productive forces, seeking to show the ontological nexus between both, and, under this heuristic key, Marx's classical political economy critics, in its most important unfolding, as an enunciation of the specific difference between machinery and capital. Finally, we try to discuss how the contradiction between productive forces and social relations of production comes to light as class struggles and, with the help of Paulo Arantes, to reflect on the impasses to emancipation in the current historical quarter.