Um olhar nos movimentos estudantis do Brasil, México e Colômbia, entre 1968 e 1971

Abstract

Since May 1968, student movements have been prominent among social movements. The youth rebellion found in the academic environment the right condition and environment for protests against political power. In the middle of the Cold War, the fight for ideological control sharpened the polarization between blocks, and governments aligned with capitalism fought the communist threat. The student movement started by French students inspired others around the world. The initial hypothesis is that these early student movements, despite contextual differences in different countries, have common sociopolitical conditions and elements. In order to corroborate the hypothesis, an analysis of three cases is made: the student movements in the Justiniano de Serpa State College in Fortaleza in Brazil (May 1968), in the National Polytechnic Institute and the National Autonomous University in Mexico (de July to October 1968) and the universities in Colombia (from 1968 to 1971). The applied methodology consists of the comparison of secondary sources: published research for the Mexican and Colombian movements (diachronic approach) and the press for the Brazilian (synchronous approach). The hustle and bustle of Brazilian normalistas had extensive press coverage and entered history as the “Revolt of the Skirts”. In Mexico, student conflicts resulted in a national tragedy that victimized thousands of dead, wounded, and imprisoned, and in Colombia, the “Minimum Program for Colombian Students” highlighted the continuing struggle of university students.