Imobilização de lipase de Candida Antarctica do tipo B em nanopartículas magnéticas visando a aplicação na síntese de ésteres

Abstract

In this work, magnetic nanoparticles of iron (Fe3O4) (NPM) were evaluated as a support for the immobilization of lipase Candida antarctica B (CALB). The biocatalyst (CALB- NPM) was analyzed in the catalysis of esters: ethyl oleate (biodiesel), methyl and ethyl buty- rate. Magnetic nanoparticles are particularly interesting for enzyme immobilization due to their magnetic properties favoring the easy separation from the reaction mixture by use of magne- tism. The CALB enzyme is an enzyme capable of acting in various reactions, such as hydrolysis and transesterifications. However, one problem of using enzymes as homogeneous catalysts is their recovery. Thus, it is necessary to use brackets that retain the enzyme while maintaining its catalytic characteristics. Nanoparticles were produced by co-precipitation method. We de- termined the size of the nanoparticles (11 nm) using the technique of X-ray diffraction (XRD) with subsequent refining of the phases obtained by the Rietveld method. Infrared spectra were obtained for analysis of the presence of hydroxyls using KBr pellets of magnetic ferrites. The spectrum was measured in the region between 400 and 4000 cm −1. Modifications were car- ried out on the nanoparticles’ surfaces with γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTS) and glutaral- dehyde. The influence of stirring speed (20-250 rpm), enzyme load (45-200 UpNPB/gsupport), immobilization time (0.5-5 h), glutaraldehyde solution (2.5 and 25%), additive (SDS 0.23%) and reuse of the biocatalyst (six hydrolytic cycles reactions) were evaluated. The immobiliza- tion was performed in the presence of 100mMsodium bicarbonate buffer, pH 10, at 25 °C. After immobilization, CALB exhibited improved thermal and operational stabilities. The best result (Immobilization yield: 53% and immobilized enzyme activity: 29.1 UpNPB/gsupport) was obtained at 45 rpm, using 200 UpNPB/gsupport and 1h of immobilization. Furthermore, immo- bilized Calb maintained approximately 41.8 % of initial activity after five cycles of hydrolysis. The ethyl oleate production was analyzed with the best condition and compared to commercial acrylic resins (CALB immobilized). The ethyl oleate conversion was approximately 90 % for the two biocatalyst at 48 h. The consecutive reaction cycles (14) show the maintenance in the production of biodiesel. Maximum conversion of methyl butyrate (93.9 %) and ethyl butyrate (96.8 %) were achieved after 8 h of reaction at 25 °C for CALB immobilized onto magnetic nanoparticles. The consecutive reaction cycles (12) show the maintenance in the production of esters (approximately 76 % for nanoparticles and 79 % for acrylic resin).