Panorama do comércio internacional brasileiro de pescados no período entre 2006 e 2018.

Abstract

International trade is the marketing, import and export of goods and services between different countries. The result of this exchange represents the trade balance, which may be deficient when exports are smaller than imports, or presents surplus when exports exceed imports. The result of the balance has an important effect on the Gross Domestic Product (GDP). In 2006, after five consecutive years of surpluses, fisheries imports surpassed exports, and this deficit grew until 2018. Given the importance of the fishing sector for Brazilian agribusiness, this study has as main objective to analyze the panorama of international trade of the sector. For this, initially, the main sources of variation of the exported and imported values were identified. In addition, the index of concentration of exports and imports by product and by country was calculated. The results showed that between 2006 and 2018, imports grew and exports decreased, generating deficits over the period analyzed. It was observed that the price effect and the quantity effect acted with greater or lesser intensity depending on the period analyzed, both for imports and exports. Concentration indices indicated that export and import tariffs are concentrated on few products and on few countries of destinations and origins. These concentrations demonstrate the susceptibility of the sector to the foreign policies of the main countries involved and the dependence of exports around few products, of which we can cite the Brazilian lobster.