Prevalência de síndrome metabólica em pacientes com doença de Chagas nas formas cardíaca e indeterminada

Abstract

Chagas disease (CD) is a major public health problem in Latin countries and, in Brazil, there are about 3 million people with this disease. Clinically, it presents a diversity of manifestations. In the chronic phase, individuals infected with Trypanosoma cruzi may be asymptomatic or symptomatic. With the socioeconomic changes that have occurred in recent decades, there have been major changes in the population's lifestyle, with metabolic consequences, particularly for Chagas disease patients, leading to an increased prevalence of the metabolic syndrome (MS). The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in patients with Chagas disease in indeterminate and cardiac forms. This is a prospective, descriptive and cross-sectional study involving patients with CD with and without MS, from the Chagas Disease Research Laboratory (LPDC) at the Federal University of Ceará. 150 individuals with CD participated, 76 of whom were cardiac (group CF) and 74 were indeterminate, (group IF) with a mean age of 58.75 ± 11.76 years and 51.66 ± 12.2, respectively. The control group (CG): consisted of 109 individuals without CD and of the same origin and age group as the individuals in the study. Anthropometric and biochemical assessments were carried out, where it was observed that in relation to obesity, 59% (n = 89) chagasic patients had increased abdominal circumference and 74% (n = 111) with overweight or degree of obesity. Of this population, 45.95% (n = 51) were from the CF group and 54% (n = 60) from the IF, with greater frequency in females. The risk of MS in these patients was 24% for each point of increase in BMI. In the population of the present study, the prevalence of MS was high (63.3% / n = 95) and higher than studies recently presented in the Brazilian population. It was also observed that the frequency of MS (24.77% / n = 27) was almost 3 times lower than in patients with CD. As for chagasic forms, there was a high prevalence in both groups (CF: 71.05% / n = 54 and IF: 55.5% / n = 41), with emphasis on CF, with statistical difference between the forms and between the forms and the control group. Thus, it is suggested that the individuals studied are at high risk of developing cardiovascular diseases, as well as of evolving to a symptomatic form of Chagas disease or, in the case of cardiac patients, presenting a risk of further complications of the disease.