Zoneamento geoecológico do complexo fluviomarinho dos rios Cardoso/Camurupim e porção costeira adjacente, litoral leste piauiense

Abstract

The coastal zones are fragile and complex geosystems, due to the interaction between terrestrial and marine environments, although this natural susceptibility is one of the busiest areas on the planet. The study area is located in the territory of the coastal plain of the state of Piauí, east coast, which covers part of the municipalities of Luís Correia and Cajueiro da Praia. It is the fluviomarine complex formed by the Cardoso and Camurupim rivers, in which their hydrogeomorphological characteristics influence the meeting of the watercourses, forming a single mouth, giving rise to the estuary, besides the adjacent coastal portion comprising the Sobradinho and coastal lagoons. Lagamar de Santana, important environments in maintaining the natural balance of the area and fragile the different human actions. The study area is part of the Parnaíba Delta Environmental Protection Area, with a variety of landscape units and economic activities, which in some sectors become incompatible with the carrying capacity of ecosystems. Several actions are identified that cause imbalance in the area, mentioning the growing expansion of shrimp farming activities, suppression of native vegetation, soil sealing in dune environments, mineral extraction, real estate speculation, in addition to natural processes such as dune advance, and coastal erosion, which are accentuated by human activities. Therefore, the thesis aims to propose the geoecological zoning of the Cardoso / Camurupim river complex and adjacent coastal portion, as an aid to environmental planning. It is considered an area of extreme social, environmental and biological importance, where its conservation must be guaranteed through a zoning that guides the forms of use and occupation, in order to maintain the sustainability of the area and guarantee for future generations. In order to be able to respond to the proposed objectives and to obtain an integrated view of the natural and human elements, the theoretical and methodological basis of the Geoecology of Landscapes was used. Rodriguez, Silva and Cavalcanti (2004; 2013) adopted the which were applied the following phases for the research design: organization and inventory, analysis, diagnosis and finally the propositional phase. The analyzes were built at regional and typological level through an integrative and holistic methodology of landscape components. Four geoecological units were delimited. Coastal plain (beach and post-beach, mobile dunes, fixed dunes, wind deflation plain, marine terrace and the river plain); Fluviolacustre plain (coastal lagoons), river plain (river plain and river terrace) and Coastal board (tabular cliffs and interfluvia) that form the river complex of the Cardoso / Camurupim rivers. Four functional environmental zones were defined from the geoecological units: Permanent Protection Zone - ZPP, Environmental Conservation Zone - 11 ZCA, Disciplined Use Zone - ZUD and Environmental Recovery Zone - ZRA. The study can evidence by the predominance of natural elements, the structure of a mosaic of landscapes, each with its own characteristics, also showed that the system most affected by human activities is the river plain, with the presence of shrimp farming activities, which are responsible for most of the degradation of the landscape and its surroundings.